No. Eso otro mito propagado por los desinformadores de siempre.
China supero a eeuu en solicitud de patentes internacionales el 2010.
Has China Overtaken the U.S. in Terms of Innovation?
Monday, March 12, 2018
Thinkstock/pixfly
By Ana Maria Santacreu, Economist, and Heting Zhu, Research Associate
Two measures of innovative activity of a country are:
Larger R&D investment is associated with faster technological progress, higher productivity and faster output growth.
- Its research and development (R&D) intensity (that is, the fraction of total output invested in R&D), which reflects the effort of innovation
- Its number of patent applications, which reflects the output of innovation
One of the outcomes of the R&D process is an increase in the number of patent applications.1 Indeed, there tends to be a positive correlation between the R&D intensity of a country and the number of patent applications in that country.
R&D Intensity: China vs. the U.S.
In terms of R&D intensity, the U.S. has been a global leader in innovation for the past 20 years. However, China has been catching up fast in recent years.
In 1996, China invested 0.56 percent of its GDP in R&D, while the U.S. invested 2.44 percent of its GDP. In 2015, China invested 2.06 percent of its GDP, whereas the U.S. invested 2.79 percent. That is, the R&D intensity in China increased by 1.5 percentage points and in the U.S. by only 0.3 percentage points.
Patent Applications: China vs. the U.S.
Regarding patent applications, the U.S. applied for 177,967 patents in 1996, which contrasts with the 11,974 patent applications in China that year. However, in 2015, China exceeded the U.S. in the total number of patent applications by 90 percent, as seen below.
The dominating role that the U.S. has had with respect to patent applications has been challenged in recent years. Is China becoming the new global leader in innovation?2
Why Has China’s Innovation Increased?
There may be several reasons why China is innovating so much more than before. For instance, technological developments in China together with a growing market may favor investment in innovation.
Moreover, the government has been very active at implementing policies to incentivize innovation in China. In 2006, the Chinese government announced the National Indigenous Innovation Campaign, which includes a goal to transform China into the world’s technology powerhouse by 2020.3
In addition, the 12th and 13th “five-year” plans (2011-2020) detailed goals for R&D intensity and patent applications.4 The government offered subsidies targeted to increase the number of patent applications. This could explain why patent applications have grown way faster than R&D intensity.
A Deeper Look at China’s Innovation Path Needed
In conclusion, in terms of R&D intensity, China is approaching the U.S. but still remains behind. In terms of patent applications, however, China has overtaken the U.S. and appears to be the new global leader of innovation.
A big part of this increase, though, may be driven by government subsidies in China. One should control for the quality of the patents to determine whether China is indeed the new global leader in innovation based on the number of patents.
Some studies argue that the quality of Chinese patents are incomparable to their quantity, and these patents are also highly concentrated in certain sectors, such as eletronics.5
If China wants to become the world’s technology powerhouse, more R&D investments targeted to a wider range of industries are needed.
Notes and References:
1 A patent gives the owner a monopoly right to use this new invention for a limited period, generally 20 years.
2 Santacreu, Ana Maria. “The New World Leader in Innovation.” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis On the Economy Blog, July 3, 2017.
3 McGregor, James. “China's Drive for 'Indigenous Innovation:’ A Web of Industrial Policies.” United States Chamber of Commerce. July 28, 2010.
4 Koleski, Katherine. “The 13th Five-Year Plan.” U.S. – China Economic and Security Review Commission, Feb. 14, 2017.
5 "Are patents indicative of Chinese innovation?" China Power. Feb. 15, 2016.
Additional Resources
Fuente: banco reserva general de st louis , eeuu. https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2018/march/china-overtaken-us-terms-innovation
- On the Economy: Income and Living Standards across China
- On the Economy: China’s Foreign Reserves Are Declining. Why, and What Effects Could This Have?
- On the Economy: Did China’s One-Child Policy Really Have an Effect?
cuando eres experto en copiar y pegar pero tienes puta idea de lo que copias y pegas.
This
los chinos no tienen espiritu creador, ni si quiera para desarrollar y mejorar lo creado por otros, solo saben copiar lo que ya esta
China es el país con más patentes, pero la mayoría son inútiles
El año pasado aprobaron 1,8 millones, pero la mayoría se descarta al quinto año, ya que el volumen no se traduce en calidad.
Durante casi una década, China se enorgulleció de haber presentado el mayor número de patentes nacionales. Ahora demuestra menos interés en mantenerlas. A pesar de la gigantesca cantidad de solicitudes, la mayoría de las patentes se descartan al quinto año, ya que los licenciatarios se niegan a pagar las comisiones cada vez más altas. Cuando se trata de las de diseño, más de nueve de cada diez se eliminan, casi lo opuesto de lo que sucede en Estados Unidos.
La alta tasa de deserción es un síntoma de la forma en que China ha presionado a universidades, empresas y inventores caseros para transformar el país en una potencia autosuficiente. Los subsidios y otros incentivos apuntan a la presentación de solicitudes de patentes, en lugar de asegurarse de que esos inventos sean útiles. Por lo tanto, el volumen no se traduce en calidad, ya que el país sigue dependiendo de otros para ideas innovadoras, como los teléfonos inteligentes modernos.
"Esto significa que en realidad esas patentes no son tan valiosas como se pensaba", dijo Lu Junfeng, abogado de patentes de JZMC Patent and Trademark Law Office, con sede en Shanghái. "Si la tasa de retención es tan baja para las patentes de diseño, entonces uno se pregunta si no hay un problema sistemático mayor", indicó.
Hace ocho años, China superó a Japón y se convirtió en la mayor acaparadora de patentes nacionales, y desde entonces marcha a la cabeza; aprobó 1,8 millones el año pasado. El programa “Made in China 2025” del presidente Xi Jinping, hoy en el centro de las tensiones con Estados Unidos, se propone convertir al país en un líder mundial en tecnología, y el desarrollo de propiedades intelectuales valiosas se ha convertido en un elemento básico para lograrlo.
Para tener una idea más clara de la historia de las patentes del país, es importante comprender que no todas son iguales. En China hay tres categorías diferentes: invención, modelo de utilidad y diseño. Las patentes de invención, como su nombre lo indica, son para nuevas ideas que representan un "progreso notable" en el avance de una tecnología. Esta categoría representa lo que la mayoría de la gente entiende por patentes: un progreso en un diseño, proceso o concepto. Representa el 23 por ciento de las patentes otorgadas en China el año pasado.
Al igual que en EE.UU., enfrentan un camino difícil para su aprobación, un proceso que puede llevar 18 meses y las expone a pruebas e investigaciones. Las ideas exitosas quedan protegidas por 20 años.
Son las otras dos categorías, ambas con una vida útil de 10 años, las que inflan los números generales pero resultan mucho menos valiosas. Un ejemplo de una patente de diseño sería la forma de una botella de refresco, mientras que un modelo de utilidad podría ser algo así como deslizar el dedo para desbloquear un teléfono inteligente. Ninguna es objeto de un examen riguroso y se pueden otorgar en menos de un año.
Las altas tasas de eliminación significan que China todavía tiene un largo camino por delante para convertirse en el país tecnológicamente sofisticado que aspira a ser. "Si bien las cualidades de las patentes chinas han ido mejorando de un año al otro, todavía están lejos de sus contrapartes de EE.UU.", dijo Wang Xiang, que encabeza el consultorio sobre propiedad intelectual en China del estudio jurídico Orrick. (Fuente www.perfil.com).
https://www.perfil.com/noticias/blo...s-patentes-pero-la-mayoria-son-inutiles.phtml
elite culia pegada en los años 50, igual que el aweonao de trumpeta.
China supera a eeuu en patentes de inteligencia artificial
China overtakes US in AI patent rankings
Baidu and Tencent among fastest risers in 2016-2018, Nikkei finds
YUKI OKOSHI, Nikkei staff writerMARCH 10, 2019 05:23 JST
China was particularly strong in patents for image processing as it drives development of facial recognition technology. © Reuters
TOKYO -- Chinese companies have surged ahead of their U.S. counterparts on a Nikkei ranking of the top 50 patent filers for artificial intelligence over the past three years, expanding their presence in the world's most prominent high-tech battleground.
In the three years between 2016 and 2018, China more than doubled the amount of companies in the top 50 to 19 - up from eight in the previous three-year span.
Meanwhile, the U.S. kept a tight grip on the top three spots, but only had 12 companies in the top 50 - down from 19 in the previous ranking.
The rankings come after U.S. President Donald Trump announced the American AI Initiative last month, a plan to increase research and development in the sector but lacked any specific funding to towards that aim.
IBM led the way for the U.S. with 3,000 applications. Microsoft was second with 1,955 applications and Google rounded out an all-American top three with 1,659.
Internet and tech giant Baidu led all Chinese companies with 1,522 filings, soaring to fourth place up from 11th. Other top Chinese firms included State Grid Corp. in sixth place with 1,173, and Tencent climbed to eighth from 20th with 766.
China's rise has been fueled by a government effort to advance research and development in AI. The country filed more than 30,000 public patents for AI in 2018, a roughly 10-fold jump in five years and about 2.5 times more than the U.S., which it surpassed for the lead in 2015.
By field, China's clout grew in AI patents for e-commerce, data searches and language processing. Filings for image processing technology were particularly strong at 16,000, more than quadruple the filings in the U.S. The country is a leader in facial recognition technology that can match a person's identity from an image of their face caught on video.
About 95% of the patents filed by Chinese companies were submitted to the China National Intellectual Property Administration, but many of them are eyeing overseas filing as well.
Being a relatively new area, patents regarding AI are considered to be easier to obtain than those in other traditional fields, such as biotechnology, which has been subject to many years of research.
Patents are awarded for about 70% of applications across all fields, but that figure raises to more than 90% for a subset of AI known as machine learning.
"The likelihood of being awarded a patent is higher if you apply early," said Hideto Kono, a Japan-based patent attorney with experience handling AI cases. China is actively filing patents to limit other countries' chances, he said.
The World Intellectual Property Organization released its first report on AI patents in January. The U.S. and Japan dominated the industry from 1950 through 2016, but China greatly increased its applications this decade and has surpassed both countries in recent years.
The Nikkei ranking was produced with publicly available data from the American, Chinese, European and Japanese patent offices as well as the WIPO. Research company Patent Result also assisted in the survey.
https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-trends/China-overtakes-US-in-AI-patent-rankings
